Describing Locations Essays

Describing Locations Essays Describing Locations Essay Describing Locations Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Describing Locations The first location is part of a garden during the middle of the day. The garden is probably cultivated by a gardener and has the characteristics of an individual’s backyard. Next to the garden is a white steel railing. The railing implies that there could be steps next to the garden which serves to reinforce the theory that the garden was planted and tended by human beings and eliminates the idea that it was natural. The choice of scenery was also simple and interesting. Next to the railing from the staircase to the garden and the railing is painted white and leads to the flat terrace at the start of the garden. There are light green shrubs with little yellow flowers and a few odd red ones. The landscaping as one goes towards the pond is minimal with a medium-sized stone and a small-leafed shrub that was trimmed in a circular fashion. The uneven and patchy surface that precedes the garden gives an earthy feeling if one looks at the patches in the terracing. Apart from that, the mosaic artwork on the floor portrays continuity and tranquility. The aesthetic beauty of the garden can easily be noticeable from the bright green shrubs and the individual yellow flowers. The individual flowers, the water pool, flat slabs in the garden and the trees towards the edge make the garden seem small but beautiful as well. The rocks placed next to the pond bring out the beauty of the garden instead of simply acting as natural objects. The garden has been properly maintained, weeded and organized which adds to its attractiveness. The garden looks like it has been used by the owners for either sunbathing, relaxing or some other activity, as there is a swimming pool chair with different items probably belonging to the owner of the garden. People have also been using the garden because there are some well-made path marks on the stone floor. There are flowers in brown earthen vases beside a pond filled with brackish water. The pond is bordered by the shadow from a hedge. At the end of the hedge behind the pond, there is a large bush with bright red and lilac flowers. There are shrouds of trees that are interwoven by tendrils. Behind the trees, there is a partially visible grass field. Beyond, the grass field, the roof and walls of a white storied building are visible. The colors of the vases and the terrace to the shrubs that are green but less vibrant fuse into each other with the pond at the middle. Second Location (Picture two) A different garden having flowers that are more vibrant and a clearer scene. The area focuses on just a portion of the garden. This location shows vibrant colors that represent the true nature of the garden and this shows the effort that was taken in tending the garden, choosing the most beautiful flowers and the general landscaping. The major theme in this location is that of nature and has been depicted by the garden being the focus. The environment portrays a calm environment that sets the viewer at ease and comfortable. Part of a building to the left and a pile of planks to the bottom right are also within the same location bringing out an idea that the garden might be next to a residential area. The foreground is by far the most active area in the photograph. The foreground is cluttered with yellow tulips and purple bellflowers and blazing stars. Toward the right of the foreground, the stretch of green grass brings out a natural feeling. The Kentucky bluegrass to the right displays contrast with the yellow and purple flowers. The yellow tulips capture the attention of the viewer because of their bright colors and therefore, they form the focus of the whole picture. The tulips are arranged in a row and they blend into the purple bellflowers forming a beautiful line. The central area acts as the meting point between the edge of tulips, bellflowers and the beginning of the clump of trees. The trees seem deciduous as they have small leaves and the sky is visible from between the branches. The clump of trees also seems to be of mixed species as the clump is uneven, has different colors and heights. The trees cover the whole width of the location making the central area seem cluttered. The central area also has the roofs of vehicles as the zoom past the house. This implies that the house and the garden are situated in front of a busy road. The left side of the center has part of a building. From the garden and the vehicles passing, one can conclude that the building might be someone’s residence, a hotel or even a guesthouse. The background shows the sky. It is a sunny and clear sky with the sun being at an angle that can be estimated to be around twelve to one o’clock during the daytime. The clear blue sky fuses perfectly with the rest of the elements within the location because of its calm feeling. The weather conditions also help in bringing a warm feeling, as there are few clouds in the far background. The background is clear and plain and this aspect of clarity serves to add to the overall quality of the picture. A bigger part of the location is dominated by the clear, plain sky and the first impression is that of a tranquil environment. The volume of traffic indicates that the house is set in a very busy neighborhood that would be near a town or a city. The garden looks like it has grown naturally and has experienced minimum human interference from gardeners. The reason why the whole location seems serene and welcoming is mainly because of the clear, sunny sky and the rich colors that blend i nto each other well.

Empress Dowager Cixi - Chinese History

Empress Dowager Cixi - Chinese History Few people in history have been as thoroughly vilified as the Empress Dowager Cixi (sometimes spelled Tzu Hsi), one of the last empresses of Chinas Qing Dynasty. Depicted in writings by English contemporaries in the foreign service as cunning, treacherous and sex-crazed, Cixi was painted as a caricature of a woman, and a symbol of Europeans beliefs about the Orient in general. She is not the only female ruler to suffer this indignity. Scurrilous rumors abound about women from Cleopatra to Catherine the Great. Still, Cixi received some of the worst press in history. After a century of defamation, her life and reputation finally are being re-examined. Cixis Early Life The Empress Dowagers early life is shrouded in mystery. We do know that she was born November 29, 1835, to a noble Manchu family in China, but even her birth-name is not recorded. Her fathers name was Kuei Hsiang of the Yehenara clan; her mothers name is not known. A number of other stories - that the girl was a beggar who sang in the streets for money, that her father was addicted to opium and gambling, and that the child was sold to the emperor as a sex-slave - seem to be pure European embroidery. In truth, Qing imperial policy forbade the publication of personal details, so foreign observers simply made up stories to fill in the gaps. Cixi the Concubine In 1849, when the girl was fourteen, she was one of 60 nominees for the position of an imperial concubine. She was probably eager to be chosen, since she once said, I have had a very hard life ever since I was a young girl. I was not a bit happy when with my parents... My sisters had everything they wanted, while I was, to a great extent, ignored altogether. (Seagrave, 25) Fortunately, after a two-year preparation period, the then-Empress Dowager selected her as an imperial concubine from among the large pool of Manchu and Mongol girls. Qing emperors were forbidden from taking Han Chinese wives or concubines. She would serve Emperor Xianfeng as a fourth-rank concubine. Her name was recorded simply as Lady Yehenara after her fathers clan. A Birth and a Death Xianfeng had one empress (Niuhuru), two consorts, and eleven concubines. This was a small assortment, relative to earlier emperors; as the budget was tight. His favorite was a consort, who bore him a daughter, but while she was pregnant, he spent time with Cixi. Cixi also soon became pregnant  and gave birth to a boy on April 27, 1856. Little Zaichun was Xianfengs only son, so his birth greatly improved his mothers standing in court. During the Second Opium War (1856-1860), Western troops looted and burned the lovely Summer Palace. On top of existing health problems, this shock is said to have killed the 30-year-old Xianfeng. Co-Empresses Dowager On his death-bed, Xianfeng made contradictory statements about the succession, which was not guaranteed to Zaichun. He did not formally name an heir before he died on August 22, 1861. Still, Cixi made sure that her 5-year-old son became the Tongzhi Emperor. A regency council of four ministers and four nobles assisted the child emperor, while the Empress Niuhuru and Cixi were named co-Empresses Dowager. The Empresses each controlled a royal seal, meant to be a mere formality, but which could be used as a form of veto. When the ladies opposed a decree they refused to stamp it, converting the protocol into real power. The Xinyou Palace Coup One of the ministers on the regency council, Su Shun, was intent on becoming the sole power behind the throne or perhaps even wresting the crown away from the child emperor. Though Emperor Xianfeng had named both Empresses Dowager as regents, Su Shun tried to cut out Cixi and take her imperial seal. Cixi publicly denounced Su Shun and allied herself with Empress Niuhuru and three imperial princes against him. Su Shun, who controlled the treasury, cut off food and other household items for the Empresses, but they would not give in. When the royal household returned to Beijing for the funeral, Su Shun was arrested and charged with subversion. Despite his high post, he was beheaded in the public vegetable market. Two princely co-conspirators were allowed to die by suicide. Two Young Emperors The new regents faced a difficult period in Chinas history. The country struggled to pay indemnities for the Second Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) was in full swing in the south. Breaking with Manchu tradition, the Empresses Dowager appointed competent Han Chinese generals and officials to high office in order to deal with these problems. In 1872, the 17-year-old Tongzhi Emperor married Lady Alute. The following year he was made emperor regnant, although some historians charge that he was functionally illiterate and often neglecting matters of state. On January 13, 1875, he died of smallpox at just 18. The Tongzhi Emperor did not leave an heir, so the Empresses Dowager had to select an appropriate replacement. By Manchu custom, the new emperor should have been from the next generation after Tongzhi, but no such boy existed. They settled instead on Cixis sisters 4-year-old son, Zaitian, who became the Guangxu Emperor. At this time, Cixi was often bed-ridden with a liver ailment. In April of 1881, Empress Dowager Niuhuru suddenly died at the age of 44, possibly of a stroke. Naturally, rumors quickly spread through the foreign legations that Cixi had poisoned her, although Cixi was herself probably too ill to have had any part in a plot. She would not recover her own health until 1883. Guangxu Emperors Reign In 1887, the timid Emperor Guaungxu came of age at 16, but the court postponed his accession ceremony. Two years later, he married Cixis niece Jingfen (although he reportedly did not find her long face very attractive). At that time, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, which caused some observers to worry that the Emperor and Cixi had lost the Mandate of Heaven. When he took power in his own name at 19, Guangxu wanted to modernize the army and bureaucracy, but Cixi was wary of his reforms. She moved to the new Summer Palace to be out of his way, nonetheless. In 1898, Guangxus reformers in court were tricked into agreeing to cede sovereignty to Ito Hirobumi, Japans former Prime Minister. Just as the Emperor was about to formalize the move, troops controlled by Cixi stopped the ceremony. Guangxu was disgraced and retired to an island in the Forbidden City. The Boxer Rebellion In 1900, Chinese discontent with foreign demands and aggression erupted into the anti-foreign Boxer Rebellion, also called the Righteous Harmony Society Movement. Initially, the Boxers included the Manchu Qing rulers among the foreigners they opposed, but in June 1900, Cixi threw her support behind them, and they became allies. The Boxers executed Christian missionaries and converts all over the country, tore down churches, and laid siege to the foreign trade legations in Peking for 55 days. Inside the Legation Quarter, men, women and children from the UK, Germany, Italy, Austria, France, Russia and Japan were huddled, along with Chinese Christian refugees. In the fall of 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance (the European powers plus the US and Japan) sent an expeditionary force of 20,000 to raise the siege on the Legations. The force went up-river and captured Beijing. The final death toll from the rebellion is estimated at almost 19,000 civilians, 2,500 foreign troops and about 20,000 Boxers and Qing troops. Flight from Peking With the foreign forces approaching Peking, on August 15, 1900, Cixi dressed in peasant garb and fled from the Forbidden City in an ox cart, along with Emperor Guangxu and their retainers. The Imperial Party made its way far to the west, to the ancient capital of Xian (formerly Changan). The Empress Dowager called their flight a tour of inspection, and in fact, she did become more aware of the conditions for ordinary Chinese people during their travels. After some time, the Allied Powers sent a conciliatory message to Cixi in Xian, offering to make peace. The Allies would allow Cixi to continue her rule, and would not demand any land from the Qing. Cixi agreed to their terms, and she and the Emperor returned to Peking in January of 1902. The End of Cixis Life After her return to the Forbidden City, Cixi set out to learn all she could from the foreigners. She invited Legation wives to tea  and instituted reforms modeled on those in Meiji Japan. She also distributed prize Pekingese dogs (previously kept only in the Forbidden City) to her European and American guests. On November 14, 1908, the Guangxu Emperor died of acute arsenic poisoning. Although she was quite ill herself, Cixi installed the late Emperors nephew, the 2-year-old Puyi, as the new Xuantong Emperor. Cixi died the following day. The Empress Dowager in History For decades, the Empress Dowager Cixi was described as a devious and depraved tyrant, based largely on the writings of people who did not even know her, including J.O.P. Bland and Edmund Backhouse. However, contemporary accounts by Der Ling and Katherine Carl, as well as later scholarship by Hugh Trevor-Roper and Sterling Seagrave, paint a very different picture. Rather than a power-mad harridan with a harem of faux eunuchs, or a woman who poisoned most of her own family, Cixi comes across as an intelligent survivor who learned to navigate Qing politics  and rode the wave of very troubled times for 50 years. Sources: Seagrave, Sterling. Dragon Lady: The Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China, New York: Knopf, 1992. Trevor-Roper, Hugh. Hermit of Peking: The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse, New York: Knopf, 1977. Warner, Marina. The Dragon Empress: The Life and Times of Tzu-Hsi, Empress Dowager of China 1835-1908, New York: Macmillan, 1972.